Laser Cutting
The laser room is equiped with a Trotec Speedy 300, 80W, CO2 laser capable of cutting, engraving, and marking a variety of materials. Two Windows desktop computers with Adobe Illustrator and Inkscape are available for preparing laser job files.
Certification
The Laser Basic Use & Safety class is a required certification to use this machine.
Trotec Speedy 300
| Laser Type | CO2 |
|---|---|
| Work Area | 736.6 × 431.8 mm (29 × 17 in) |
| Max. Workpiece Height | 149.9 mm (5.9 in) |
| Laser Power | 80 W |
Note: Cutting operations have reduced maximum work area, i.e. cutting along work area perimeter is reduced from listed work area (~1 cm).
Manufacturer's Manual
A majority of questions about the laser can be answered in the manual. Please consult the manual if you need help and no one is around to provide an answer.
A useful guide for setting up a Trotec laser cutting template file in Illustrator can also be found here, which includes a handy downloadable swatch file with all the RBG color presets. The swatch file can be added to one's Illustrator workspace without needing to be reloaded by selecting it's hamburger (three line) menu and checking "Persistent".
This is also a useful guide to select the right print settings for photo engraving
File Preparation
Drawing Software
We use Adobe Illustrator to create laser cutting and etching jobs--it's the preferred choice for Trotec lasers. Other drawing programs can be used, but you'll have to export the files into AI to send them to the laser.
Design Requirements
- Drawings must be formatted in millimeters, especially for functional parts.
- Cut lines in file should be drawn with a width of 0.001 mm.
Custom Trotec Laser Color Swatch for Adobe Illustrator
You can use this color swatch to streamline your color settings while designing. Color swatch file for Trotec online here: Trotec Laser Color Swatch File You can upload it through the 'Other Library' option on the color palette dropdown menu.
-
Where to find Trotec Color Swatch in AI
Terminology
- Bitmap - Representation of an image as bits of information (pixels); used to allow logos/stencils to be changed into colors.
- Trace Bitmap - Can be used on a bitmap to to turn it into a vector.
- Vector - Representation of an image as shapes, rather than bits; used to allow logos/stencils to be modified as objects.
Trotec Job Control Laser Software
The only software that is able to run the Laser is the manufacturer's Trotec Job Control.
In the case of whatever computer controlling the laser breaks down, a backup of the JobControl ISO is backed up to the internal Fat Cat Fab Lab Google Drive, and can be reinstalled from that.
Approved Materials
These listed materials are tested and approved by Fat Cat Fab Lab for lasering. Not every material on this list can be laser cut, some can only be engraved or marked--see "Considerations / Uses" for details.
| Type | Material | Considerations / Uses |
|---|---|---|
| Paper | Cardboard | |
| Cardstock | ||
| Chipboard | ||
| Foamcore | ||
| Museum Board | ||
| Paper | ||
| Velum | ||
| Plastic | Acrylic | Mirrored acrylic: Laser mirror side down, or cover top with tape if there is no dull side. |
| Cellulose Acetate | ||
| Delrin | Provisonal. Needs a test to be accepted. | |
| Heat Transfer "Vinyl" (PET) | Siser EasyWeed brand only! It's a PET composition, not vinyl. | |
| Kapton | ||
| Melamine | ||
| Mylar | ||
| PET | Not PETG! | |
| Polypropylene | ||
| Rubber | For stamps. Johnson Plastics Low Odor Laser Rubber only! | |
| Wood | Balsa | |
| Birch | ||
| Cedar | ||
| Cork | ||
| Maple | ||
| Oak | ||
| Plywood | ||
| Tape | Kapton Tape | |
| Masking Tape | ||
| Painter's Tape | ||
| Textile | Cotton | |
| Leather | Vegetable tanned only! | |
| Linen | ||
| Polyester | Best with 5% cotton blend. 100% polyester may catch fire. | |
| Wool | ||
| Stone | Concrete | |
| Granite | ||
| Marble | ||
| Glass (engrave) | All Glass | Engrave only. |
| Engraving Laminate | ADA Applique | Rowmark brand. |
| ADA Substrate | Rowmark brand. | |
| FlexiBrass | Rowmark brand. | |
| FlexiColor | Rowmark brand. | |
| LaserLIGHTS | Rowmark brand. | |
| LaserMag | Rowmark brand. | |
| LaserMark | Rowmark brand. | |
| LaserMark Reverse | Rowmark brand. | |
| LaserMax | Rowmark brand. | |
| Textures | Rowmark brand. | |
| Metal (mark) | Anodized Aluminum | Mark only. |
| Brass | Mark only. Must be treated first. | |
| Ferrous metals | Mark only. Must be treated first. | |
| Miscellaneous | Borax + Water Solution | Treatment to create dark black engravings on wood. |
| Dry Moly Lube Spray | Treatment for steel to mark it. |
Prohibited Materials
Do NOT laser any of these materials. It can cause harm to the machine and any human being in the area.
| Material | Notes | Consequence |
|---|---|---|
| ABS | Possible death. Releases cyanide gas and will likely catch fire. | |
| Coated Carbon Fiber | Noxious fumes. | |
| Fiberglass | Noxious fumes and can't be cut. | |
| HDPE | Catches fire. | |
| Polycarbonate/Lexan | PC absorbs IR light. | Cuts poorly and can catch fire. |
| Polypropylene Foam | Melts and catches fire. | |
| Polystyrene Foam | Catches fire. | |
| Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) | Includes vinyl, artificial leather, etc. | Possible death and destroys laser. Releases chlorine gas which quickly corrodes optics and metal machine components and also humans |
Where to Buy Materials
Try these places.
| Type | Material | Source | Thickness | Sizes | Cost | Location | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plastic | Acrylic | Makerkraft (Beadkraft) | 1/16" (1.5mm), 1/8" (3mm), 1/4" (5.6mm) | 12"x12", 12"x24", 16"x29", 18"x24", 48"x96" | Best price in NYC | 146 W 29th St, Flr 2 | Ken delivers to FCFL! |
| Acrylic | Canal Plastics Center | 1/16" (1.5mm), 1/8" (3mm), 1/4" (5.6mm) | 345 Canal St | ||||
| Wood | Basswood | Blick | 1/4" (6mm) | 6"x24" | $10 | 21 E 13th St, 650 6th Ave | Not too much issue with warping. Note that this is solid wood, not plywood. |
| Plywood | Blick | 1/8" (3mm), 1/4" (6mm) | 12"x24" | $3.63 | 21 E 13th St, 650 6th Ave | The label does not indicate the type of wood. Some pieces are warped but you can look before you buy and pick good ones. | |
| Plywood | Woodpeckers, via Amazon.com | 1/8" (3mm), 1/4" (6mm) | 12"x24", or 18"x24" if you remove the extra 1" with the bandsaw | $5.50 | Online | This is Baltic birch plywood. Some pieces had warping issues, still somewhat usable but not great. | |
| Various Fancy Wood | Ocooch Hardwoods | 1/16" (1.6mm) to 3/4" (19mm) | 4" to 12" | Varies | Online | Check them out online! |
Operating the Laser
- Never leave the laser unattended while in operation! Materials can catch fire so the laser must always be used with attention by the operator and they must stay present in the laser room.
- The air filter to the left of the laser must be running when the laser is doing a job! Be sure of this sucking out the fumes, otherwise the smoke will damage the lens and mirrors.
- Always have air assist on for all material settings!
- Don't forget to focus the lens with the height gauge. The height gauge we have is for the 2" lens!
Lens Types
We have 2" (default) and 4" focal length lenses.
- The 2" lens is our go to for almost every job. Good compromise between engraving and cutting.
- Our height guage is for the 2" lens, same with the smaller aperture conical nozzle. Make sure you're using these with the 2" lens.
- The 4" lens can be used for tall or thick items (ex: foam). Reduced energy density.
- When using the 4" lens you'll have to use calipers to add 2" to the height gauge (for a total of 4") and effectively hack your own.
- You must swap the conical nozzle for the one with large aperture to use the 4" lens, otherwise the laser beam will not come out of it!
Troubleshooting
Print job sits in queue (failed to send) or print driver missing from comp, and can't send job to Job Control
Are you having trouble with sending laser cut files to Job Control?
FIX: The comps have some weird memory issue... don't use Enhanced Geometries for complicated files! Follow instructions below...
- Delete the failed print job from the printer queue on the comp you're on (comp1).
- If print driver is missing and/or you can't open Job Control's (JC) Print Preferences menu through Adobe Illustrator (AI), then hop on the other computer next to you (comp2). From comp2, open a simple, known working AI file (ex: 'TrotecTestFile.ai'--use orange magnifying glass search icon) and try to send it to JC.
- As you do this, open Print Preferences in AI menu and in the JC menu that pops up, UNCLICK 'Enhanced Geometries' and go ahead and send the cut job over as normal.
- Verify that it appears in JC.
- Go back to comp1 and reboot it.
- Ensure that you deleted the failed print job in the print queue (from Step 1).
- The print driver should reappear and you should be able to access the Print Preferences menu in AI (JC pop up menu). UNCLICK "Enhanced Geometries" and send your print job over.
- Set your cut settings as normal and laser away.
- If successful, pat yourself on the back. If failed, cry, send a message to #laser in Slack and tell everyone you broke the laser.
Job Control error "No more room left for jobs"
- Make sure your job is smaller than 27" x 17"
- Make sure you're sending your job in the correct orientation.
Laser decides not to cut all, or certain vectors
- Make sure you don't have overlapping cut lines. This can be caused by using the "Paste in Place" function in Illustrator.
- In Illustrator:
- Check your Document Color Mode (duh).
- Check the dropdown menu in the color tool palette. Confirm that RGB is selected, and not Grayscale or other.
- Select your vectors and bring up the color dialog. Edit menu -> Edit Colors -> RGB
Laser chamber fills with smoke
- Check that the air filter is working, by manually toggling the air filter power button. On the airfilter console, this button's icon is a circle with a line through it. If it's not running, stop working and notify the #laser Slack channel or the Board.
Maintenance
See pg 52 for maintanence schedule.
- Manufacturer Instructions (pg. 52)
We have a laser maintenance log. Please fill out log on wall to left of laser (right of woodshop door) whenever any laser maintenance is done (clean lens/mirror, change filters, etc). This helps us see how often laser parts are maintained and helps us pinpoint if any problems are arising over time.
Lens Cleaning
- Manufacturer Instructions
- Manufacturer Instructions (pgs. 47-48)
Lens should be checked daily and cleaned at least once a week, especially by those who cut wood. Be sure chamfered edges of lens matches laser head chamfers with grooved sides upward when inserting lens.
Mirror Cleaning
- Manufacturer Instructions
- Manufacturer Instructions (pgs. 49-51)
Mirror #3 on laser head should be checked daily and cleaned at least every week. (pgs. 49-50) Mirror #2 (right side of laser, inside panel) should be checked and cleaned every week. (pgs 50-51)
Careful not to scratch it since the reflective mirrored surface is on top (not under glass like bathroom mirrors). Be sure chamfered edges of mirror match laser head chamfers when installing mirror.
Air Filter Replacements
Our air filter is apparently a Mistral Ecotech 100 made for Trotec (though it definitely says TEKA on it, so Mistral is sus).
The air filter has 6 different layers and usually the top filter needs replacement about every 2 weeks depending on usage.
The 3 filter pads below that get replaced after 1000 hours. Charcoal is replaced at least once a year (or twice).
From top down, they are:
- Top filter
- Cartridge (not currently installed since we're cheap and they're $550)
- Middle filter
- Charcoal top filter
- Activated charcoal ($550 from Trotec, so we use activated charcoal for aquariums)
- Bottom filter
Replace Honeycomb Bed
Replace when overly worn, dirty, or broken.
Replacement available on eBay for much less than it can be purchased from Trotec. Search for: Aluminum Honeycomb Sheet / Honeycomb Grid Core - 1/2" cell, 24"x48", T=1.00". Other sizes are available--find the closest matching size.
- Remove old honeycomb from the frame, keeping close track of the bolts.
- Trim to size if needed.
- Re-assemble frame.
Beam Alignment
A job for laser gods.
Bed Leveling
Eh, sometimes we shim it. What matters most is that the laser beam is perpendicular to bed in X/Y planes.
Laser Lab Setup
The laser setup is a bit clunky since we're making it so that multiple computers can use a single laser, which is not a normal feature of Trotec JobControl. This section attempts to describe the setup so it can be recreated as necessary,
JobControl uses the "Spool Directory" config to know what jobs to load. JobControls installs its own driver that pretends to be a normal printer.
Essentially, we "trick" the printer driver from the desktops into sending a job to a remote JobControl instance, hosted on the laser laptop.
The lab computers mounts a network drive shared from the computer connected to the laser, at the time of writing is the "X:\\" directory. The laser computer is then accessed by VNC, which should be an icon on the desktop of both computers.
The JobControl executable on each of the laser computers (not laser laptop) should be renamed (ex: ?_bk.exe) to prevent the executable from loading when "printing" a job from Adobe Illustrator.